If your eyes often feel scratchy, irritated, or like there’s something in them, you might be dealing with dry eye syndrome. This common condition affects millions of people, especially older adults, and is caused by a lack of adequate tears to keep the eyes properly lubricated. Tears aren’t just for crying—they’re vital for nourishing the eyes, keeping vision clear, and protecting against dust and infection. When tear production is reduced, or the quality of tears is poor, dry eye can develop and worsen over time if left untreated. Environmental factors like air conditioning, screen time, or windy climates can make symptoms worse, while certain medications and health conditions can trigger the issue altogether. Fortunately, dry eye is manageable. With the right care and lifestyle adjustments, many people find significant relief. Understanding what causes dry eye and knowing which treatments are available is the first step to feeling better and protecting long-term eye health.
What Causes Dry Eye and How Is It Treated?
Dry eye can be caused by a variety of factors including aging, hormonal changes, autoimmune disorders, medication side effects, or even prolonged screen use. As we age, tear production naturally declines, making seniors especially vulnerable. Women are also more likely to experience dry eye due to hormonal shifts related to menopause. Certain medications—like antihistamines, decongestants, and antidepressants—can also reduce tear production. Environmental triggers such as dry air, ceiling fans, or extended use of digital screens (which reduce blink rate) can worsen symptoms. Treatment depends on the severity and cause. Over-the-counter artificial tears may offer temporary relief, while prescription eye drops like cyclosporine (Restasis) or lifitegrast (Xiidra) help address inflammation. In some cases, doctors recommend tear duct plugs to retain natural tears. Lifestyle changes like using a humidifier, taking regular screen breaks, and wearing wraparound glasses outdoors can also help. The key is identifying what’s causing your symptoms and working with an eye care professional to develop a treatment plan that brings comfort and clarity back to your vision.