Ovarian cancer is one of the most challenging cancers to detect early, often earning it the reputation of being a “silent” disease. Many of its early symptoms—such as bloating, pelvic discomfort, and frequent urination—can easily be mistaken for less serious conditions. That’s why early testing and screening are so critical, especially for women at higher risk due to age, family history, or inherited genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2. While there is currently no universally recommended screening test for women without symptoms, certain medical tests can help detect warning signs earlier than ever before. Understanding what options exist—from ultrasounds to tumor marker blood tests—can empower women to take proactive steps in managing their health and catching potential issues before they progress. Knowing when to get tested, what to expect, and which risk factors to monitor could make all the difference.
How Is Ovarian Cancer Detected?
Detecting ovarian cancer typically requires a strategic combination of clinical evaluations, imaging tests, and bloodwork. One of the most common tools used is the transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), which allows doctors to get a close look at the ovaries and nearby tissues. This test helps identify abnormal masses or irregularities, but it can’t determine if a mass is cancerous. That’s where the CA-125 blood test comes in. This test measures levels of a protein that may be elevated in women with ovarian cancer. However, CA-125 isn't definitive—elevated levels can also be caused by benign conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids. For those with a strong family history, genetic testing for BRCA mutations and regular monitoring may be advised. In some cases, CT scans or MRIs are used for more detailed imaging. While no single test can diagnose ovarian cancer with certainty, using these tools together under a doctor’s care gives women the best chance at early detection and improved outcomes.